David Hume and the Problem of Induction
We often use inductive reasoning—especially in science. But David Hume, an 18th century Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, identified a puzzle about such reasoning. It rests on an unjustified assumption. So induction might be a good form of reasoning, but we don't have good reason for believing it. This is the problem of induction.
**NOTE** In the video, I say "Induction has various forms, but for simplicity we'll say that induction uses past events to predict the future." I should clarify. That is not a definition of inductive reasoning. It is just one common way inductive reasoning is used. Typically, deductive arguments are defined as arguments where the conclusion is intended to be logically guaranteed by the premises. With the aim of non-deductive arguments is to show that the conclusion is probably true. Inductive and abductive arguments are non-deductive.
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