The terrain rendering engine i'm working on now supports realistic atmospheric scattering for the curved surface model. Both Rayleigh and Miescattering effects are included, with the atmosphere naturally becoming blue during the day, red during sunsets and sunrises, and colorless at night.
The timelapse here shows the sun rising over Majorca, crossing the sky through the south and setting in the west over Ibiza and Valencia.
The shader that overlays the atmosphere mostly follows calculations set out by Nishita et al.'s 1996 "Display of the Earth Taking into Account Atmospheric Scattering", which can be read at http://nishitalab.org/user/nis/cdrom/....