Structure & Germination of Seeds - Epigeal, Hypogeal | ICSE Class 9 Biology | SOF | NTSE | NSTSE
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Seed coat – outer protective layer of seed – its outer is testa and inner is tegmen. Testa is thick, hard and dry – protects embryo from within.
Hilum is the oval scar on concave side of seed – point where seed as ovule remains attached to placenta in ovary.
Micophyle – small opening near hilum where pollen tube enters the ovule – it absorbs water to make available for embryo germination and ensure diffusion of respiratory gases for growing embryo.
Embryo – fleshy and soft structure after removing seed coat is embryo.
Cotyledons – seed leaves are two thick leafy structure attached to embryonal axis – store food for embryo.
Plumule – axis between cotyledon forms shoot
Epicotyl – axis above the point where cotyledons are attached – it bears plumule at tip
Hypocotyl – part of embryonal axis b/w cotyledon and radicle
Radicle – lower part gives rise to root
Maize – one seeded dry fruit where seed coat is fused with pericarp - yellow in color
On one side is small, opaque and whitish area where embryo lies
2 unequal portion with thin layer of epithelium
Bigger is endosperm with broader side – store food as starch – outermost layer is only protein as aleurone layer – other side is embryo
Embryo has cotyledon (scutellum), plumule (covering is coleoptile) and radicle (covering is coleorhiza)
In dicot – endosperm is absent and plumule is large and folded; hilum and micropyle are visible.
In monocot – endosperm is large, plumule is small and rolled; hilum and micropyle are not visible.
