2.10 || Context Switching|| Operating system
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Context Switching in Operating Systems
Description:
Context switching is a fundamental operation in operating systems that involves saving the current state of a process and restoring the state of another process to allow for multitasking and efficient CPU utilization. It enables the operating system to switch between multiple processes and provide the illusion of concurrent execution.
When a context switch occurs, the operating system performs the following steps:
1. Save Process State: The operating system saves the current state of the running process, including the values of CPU registers, program counter (PC), stack pointer, and other relevant information. This ensures that the process can resume execution from the same point when it regains CPU time later.
2. Load Process State: The operating system loads the saved state of a different process that is scheduled to run. It restores the values of CPU registers, program counter, stack pointer, and other necessary information associated with the new process.
3. Update Process Control Block (PCB): The operating system updates the process control block (PCB) of both processes involved in the context switch. It reflects the state transition of the processes, such as changing the process state from running to ready or from ready to running.
Context switching allows the operating system to efficiently allocate CPU time among multiple processes, providing the illusion of parallelism. It enables smooth execution of multiple processes and improves system responsiveness.
Context switching is triggered by various events, including timer interrupts, I/O completion, process termination, and explicit yield statements. The operating system employs scheduling algorithms, such as round-robin, priority-based, or multilevel queues, to determine the order and frequency of context switches.
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