Recursion is a fundamental technique of Computer Science, which can be applied to solve many types of problems.
Recursion can be applied whenever a problem can be solved by dividing it into smaller problems, that can use the same algorithm for solving them. Here's how it works.
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Some sources & further reading:
http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matryos...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursi...)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU