This shrine can be found at the back of Tanagar Canyon West Cave, after going through a few destroyable walls.
See Zelda Dungeon's Interactive Map for Tears of the Kingdom here: https://www.zeldadungeon.net/tears-of...
0:00 Puzzle 1
0:22 Puzzle 2
1:01 Chest
1:47 Puzzle 3
3:05 Exit