In writing this symphony, Beethoven had been thinking of Buonaparte, but Buonaparte while he was First Consul. At that time Beethoven had the highest esteem for him, and compared him to the greatest consuls of Ancient Rome. Many of Beethoven's closer friends saw this symphony on his table, beautifully copied in manuscript, with the word "Buonaparte" inscribed at the very top of the title-page and "Ludwig van Beethoven" at the very bottom. When he heard the news that Buonaparte had declared himself Emperor, he broke into a rage, went to the table, seized the top of the title-page, tore it in half and threw it on the floor.