Review Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) - New Release

Опубликовано: 04 Октябрь 2024
на канале: OfficialTheD2

151

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As a general summary, a selected list of Ubuntu 18.04 software versions follows. For comparison, the versions that shipped in Ubuntu 16.04 are included in ( ) parentheses:
System

Linux kernel 4.15 (from 4.4)
systemd 237 (from 229)

Web Servers

Apache 2.4.29 (from 2.4.18)
nginx 1.14.0 (from 1.10.3)

Programming Languages

Python 3.6.5 (from 3.5.1)
Ruby 2.5 (from 2.3)
Go 1.10 (from 1.6)
PHP 7.2 (from 7.0)
Node.js 8.10 (from 4.2.6)

Databases

MySQL 5.7.21 (from 5.7.21)
MariaDB 10.1 (from 10)
PostgreSQL 10 (from 9.5)
MongoDB 3.6.3 (from 2.6.10)

More extensive changes are detailed in the following sections.
Linux Kernel 4.15

The Linux kernel has been updated to version 4.15. This version includes updates to mitigate the Spectre and Meltdown vulnerabilities (these updates have also been backported to Ubuntu 16.04's 4.4 kernel). Beyond that, the changes relevant to Ubuntu Server users are mostly filesystem bug fixes, performance improvements, and support for very large amounts of memory.
LXD 3.0

LXD is a standardized interface to manage Linux containers. Unlike Docker it is oriented towards running entire OSes, more like a typical virtual machine hypervisor.

LXD 3.0 adds clustering support, where multiple identically configured LXD servers can function as one. There is also support for passing NVIDIA GPUs into containers, hotplugging devices, and proxying TCP connections between the host and its containers. For more details, see the LXD 3.0.0 release notes.
Netplan and systemd-networkd

ifupdown (including the familiar ifup and ifdown utilities) has been replaced by Netplan. Netplan is a simplified interface for configuring Linux networking, where YAML files in /etc/netplan are used to generate configuration information for either NetworkManager or — in the case of new Ubuntu Server installations – systemd-networkd.

The ip link set command is a replacement for ifup and ifdown. You can learn more about it in the How To Configure Network Interfaces and Addresses section of our IPRoute2 Tools tutorial.

For more information on configuring Netplan, see the official documentation. Details on how to use and configure systemd-networkd are available in the systemd-networkd.service and systemd.network man pages.

The command networkctl can output a summary of your network devices:

networkctl
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