Terms associated with motion class 9 | velocity, speed, acceleration, uniform acceleration, displacement
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Physics IX
35
Unit 2: Kinematics
The term position describes the location of a place or a
point with respect to some reference point called origin. For
example, you want to describe the position of your school from
your home. Let the school be represented by S and home by H.
The position of your school from your home will be represented
by a straight line HS in the direction from H to S as shown in
figure 2.16.
DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT
Figure 2.17 shows a curved path. Let S be the length of
the curved path between two points A and B on it. Then S is the
distance between points A and B.
Length of a path between two points is called the
distance between those points.
Consider a body that moves from point A to point B
along the curved path. Join points A and B by a straight line. The
straight line AB gives the distance which is the shortest
between A and B. This shortest distance has magnitude d and
direction from point A to B. This shortest distance d in a
particular direction is called displacement. It is a vector quantity
and is represented by d.
Displacement is the shortest distance between two
points which has magnitude and direction.
SPEED AND VELOCITY
What information do we get by knowing the speed of a
moving object?
Speed of an object is the rate at which it is moving. In
other words, the distance moved by an object in unit time is its
speed. This unit time may be a second, an hour, a day or a year.
The distance covered by an object in unit time is called
its speed.
DO YOU KNOW?
Which is the fastest
animal on the Earth?
Falcon can fly at a
Here S is the distance covered by the object, v is
its speed and t is the time taken by it. Distance is a scalar;
therefore, speed is also a scalar. SI unit of speed is metre
-1
per second (ms ).
UNIFORM SPEED
In equation 2.1, v is the average speed of a body
during time f. It is because the speed of the body may be
changing during the time interval t. However, if the speed
of a body does not vary and has the same value then the
body is said to possess uniform speed.
A body has uniform speed if it covers equal
distances in equal intervals of time however
short the interval may be.
VELOCITY
The velocity tells us not only the speed of a body
but also the direction along which the body is moving.
Velocity of a body is a vector quantity. It is equal to the
displacement of a body in unit time.
The rate of displacement of a body is called its
velocity.
Here d is the displacement of the body moving
with velocity v in time t. SI unit of velocity is the same as
-1
speed i.e., metre per second (ms ).
UNIFORM VELOCITY
In equation 2.2, v is the average velocity
of a body during time t. It is because the ve
body may be changing during the time interval t. However, in
many cases the speed and direction of a body does not change.
In such a case the body possesses uniform velocity. That is the
velocity of a body during any interval of time has the same
magnitude and direction. Thus
A body has uniform velocity if it covers equal
displacement in equal intervals of time however short
the interval may be.
EXAMPLE 2.2
A sprinter completes its 100 metre
ACCELERATION
When does a body possess acceleration?
In many cases the velocity of a body changes due
to a change either in its magnitude or direction or
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