What Is The Difference Between Abstract Class and Interface?
What is the Difference between Abstract Class and Interface?
Abstract classes and interfaces are fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming, each serving distinct purposes:
Abstract Class:
Purpose: Abstract classes provide a base class that cannot be instantiated on its own but can include both abstract methods (without implementation) and concrete methods (with implementation).
Flexibility: They allow for shared code among related classes, making it possible to provide a common base while enforcing certain behaviors.
Inheritance: A class can only inherit from one abstract class due to the single inheritance constraint.
Members: Abstract classes can have fields, constructors, and method implementations, allowing them to maintain state and provide reusable code.
Interface:
Purpose: Interfaces define a contract that classes must adhere to, specifying methods that must be implemented but without any implementation details.
Flexibility: They provide a way to achieve polymorphism, allowing different classes to implement the same set of methods in diverse ways.
Inheritance: A class can implement multiple interfaces, supporting multiple inheritance and promoting loose coupling.
Members: Interfaces cannot have fields or constructors and can only include method declarations, static methods, and default methods (with implementation).
Key Differences:
Implementation: Abstract classes can include both implemented and abstract methods, while interfaces can only declare methods without implementation (except for static and default methods).
Inheritance: A class can inherit from one abstract class but can implement multiple interfaces.
Members: Abstract classes can have fields and constructors; interfaces cannot.
In summary, abstract classes are ideal for sharing code among closely related classes, while interfaces are best for defining a common contract that various classes can implement in their own ways.
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